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NDT Advance Access originally published online on April 25, 2008
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008 23(6):1793-1796; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn211
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© The Author [2008]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


Non-steroidal and non-cytotoxic therapies for nephrotic syndrome

Rosanna Coppo

Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin and Pediatric Nephrology of the University of Turin, Italy

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Rosanna Coppo, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Regina Margherita Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy. E-mail: rosanna.coppo@unito.it

Keywords: cyclosporine; mycophenolate mofetil; nephrotic syndrome; rituximab; tacrolimus

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.



   Introduction
 
The treatment of difficult cases of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS), mostly due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or membranous nephropathy (MN), is still a challenge. The complete or partial remission of proteinuria is required to decrease morbidity consequent to dysprotidaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypercoagulation, to diminish exposure to potentially toxic drugs and to slow progression to renal failure [1]. As the incidence of FSGS is increasing, at least in children [2], steroids remain the first choice treatment, even though steroid dependence or resistance is frequent. The association of cytotoxic drugs improves the remission in 50–80% of all the cases of NS due to FSGS [3,4] and MN [5,6]. However, a relevant proportion of patients do not attain satisfactory results; for instance, steroid-resistant FSGS, both in children [7] and adults [8], does not benefit from alkylating agents, . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Non-steroidal and non-cytotoxic treatment of difficult cases of nephrotic syndrome
ACTH
Cyclosporine (CYA).
Tacrolimus (TAC).
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).
Plasmapheresis and column A immunoabsorbtion.
Rituximab.


   Conclusion
 

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